Manifold for internal-combustion engines.



J. E. SMITH.

MANIFOLD FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED MAY2.1911.

Patented Feb. 19, 191g..r

.TOEN E. SMITH, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO KEROSENE MOTOR APPLIANCECO., OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION F DELAWARE.

MANIFOLD FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patente Feb. 19, 191%.

Application tiled May 2, 1917. Serial No. 165,935.

To all whom t ma concern.'

Be it known t at I, JOHN E. SMITH, a citizen of the United States, andresiding in the city of New York, county of New York, and State of NewYork, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Manifolds forInternal Combustion Engines; and I do declare the following to be afull,

I clear, and exact description of the invention,

such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains tomake and vuse the same.

My present. invention pertains to an improved manifold forinternal-combustion engines, the construction and advantages of whichwill be hereinafter set forth.

The invention has for its main object the provision of a combined intakeand exhaust manifold, preferably formed as an integral structure,wherein the passages are so formed and positioned that the gas or vaporconduit is entirely surrounded by the exhaust gas passages' that is tosay, said conduit from the carbureter up to the ports which dischargeinto the valve-chambers or cylinders, as the case may be, is bathed inor subjected to the action of the entire volume Vof the exhaust gases.

. by insure the transfer of heat to the fuel from the moment it passesfrom the carbureter until it is discharged from the :nanifold. Sucharrangement also has the advantage of insuring a high temperature aroundthe initial or intake end of the fuel conduit where, of course, the fuelhas its lowest temperature. This arrangement also insures the heating ofthe carbureter by-convduction of the heat" from the walls of thestructure which lie close to and in fact are connected with thecarbureter proper.

-. Another object of the invention resides in giving to the fuel conduitsuch form that the entire fuel content will yloe thoroughlyvaporized,and V--the arrangement of the structure is such that whlle 1t may beemployed with gasolene as a fuel, it is especially ada ted for use inconnection with relatively eavier fuels, such askerosene.

' other direction.

Aon the line n n of Fig. 1; and

Fig. 3 a horizontal sectional view, taken on the line III- III of Fig..1.

The manifold is more especially designed for use in connection withfour-cylinder engines, and for the purpose of illustration is shown inconnection with the well-known Ford car, and the embodiment illustratedis adapted for the same; that is to say, it is provided with two gasintakes or ports 1 and 2, and four exhaust ports 3, 4, 5 and 6, openingthrough the upper portion of the rear wall 7 of the structure.

rIhe manifold at its lower end is provided with a laterally-extendingneck 8, to which a carbureter, denoted by 9, is attached, saidcarbureter discharging directly into the lower horizontally-disposed end10 of the fuel conduit. Said conduit then turns upwardly forming achannel 11, which at its upper end branches into two ways 12 and 13which terminate, respectively, in the inlet ports 1 and 2. .As will benoted, the vapor conduit (and more particularly the sections l1, 12 and13) 'is flattened; or in other Words, the passage therethrough is widebut relatively shallow when measured in the This attened formation hasthe advantage of insuring the heating of the fuel through and through,causing the same to be thoroughly vaporized without cracking it, andthereby preventing nonvolatilized particles from entering the cylindersand causing a deposition of carbon therein. y 1

The construction shown also provides a vapor conduit of minimumdimensions, and

Again, it is found that the temperature of the mixture entering thecylinders is quite high, and as a consequence a small volume of fuel isalone necessary, and the engine can be readily throttled down withoutfear of stalling.

As will be seen upon reference to Figs. 2 and 3, the substantiallyvertical section 11 of the vapor conduit curves inwardly at its upperend, or in other words, the portions 10 and 11 are set well forward ofthe rear wall 7.

The manifold, as above noted, is prefer ably formed as an integralcasting, and the rear wall 7 at its upper portion merges into a top wall14, which, as will be seen upon reference to Figs. 1 and 2, is spacedaway from the walls ofthe gas ports 1 and 2. Said top wall merges intothe front wall 15, which extends outwardly and downwardly, following thecurvature or outline of the vapor conduit, as best shown in Fig. 2, andsaid wall 15 in turn merges into a bottom wall 16. The lower portion ofwall 16, terminates in the neck 8, and said wall at the right (as seenin Fig. 1) follows the contour of and is in spaced relation with theadjacent wall of the gas or fuel conduit. The various walls at theextreme left merge into an exhaust nozzle 17, Fig. l.

Extending from the rear wall 7 to the front wall 15 and starting fromthe top wall 14 to the left of exhaust port 3, is a cross partition orwall 18, said wall passing beneath said port 3, thence over towardbranch 12 of the vapor conduit, following said conduit downwardly, andin spaced relation thereto, and finally merging with the wall 16 abovethe neck 8. Said partition 18, as it passes beneath the lower wall ofthe conduit section 12, is curved forwardly from the rear wall 7 andmerges into a second partition or apron 19, which latter springs fromthe rear wall 7 at a point in substantial alinement with the lowerportion of the vapor conduit members 12 and 13, as indicated by 20,Figs. 1 and 2. Said apron 19 extends downwardly in rear of the verticalmember 11 of the vapor conduit, and in spaced relation thereto,terminating at a point substantially in line with the upper portion ofthe inlet 10. The mergence of the wall 18 and the apron 19 is best shownin Figs. 2 and 3. Said wall 18, the apron 19, and the lower wall 16 tothe right (Fig. 1) cause all of the exhaust gases to flow downwardly andin intimate relation with the entire exterior of the vapor conduit, thewhole volume of exhaust gases being discharged into the space at thelower portion of the structure. through which the initial portion 10extends. Said wall 18, the apron 19 and the external walls 7, 15 and 16.at the left, form an exhaust channel or passage narkd Ex., whichterminates in the nozz e l Bolt holes 21 are formed in the casting forattachment of the manifold to the car. i

A plug, denoted by 22, will be screwed into a core and vent openingproduced in the casting.

lVith the primer, any carbureter of the surface type may be employed. Inthe drawings I have disclosed a Kingston carbureter, slightly modifiedto admit of the introduction of a starting charge of gasolene. In this,the usual weight 23, employed to ccact with the flap valve 24, isprovided with an opening or channel 25 bored therethrough, and a supplypipe 26 for-gasolene is tapped into the plug 27 employed to close theopening through which the weight is introduced. Gasolene or the likewill be supplied to pipe 26 from an auxiliary tank and a valve isemployed to control the introduction'of such starting charge, whichpools in the carbureter and will be immediately taken up the momentsuction is set up by the turning over of the engine.

From the foregoing it is thought that the construction and operation ofthe structure will be understood. The engine, after being primed andstarted, will expel the exhaust gases through the ports 3, 4:, 5 and 6,said gases coming into direct and intimate contact with the entireexterior surface of the gas conduit or manifold. They pass downwardly tothe lower extremity of the wall 19 and also downwardly against theforward face of the section 11, passing around and about the intakesection 10 and thoroughly heating the same. Thus it will be noted thatall of the exhaust gases are brought downwardly to the lower portion ofthe manifold and adjacent to the carbureter, and the heat thereofutilized to the greatest possible extent. After impinging againstsection 10, the gases pass rearwardly, see Figs. l2 and 3, into theexhaust passage leading to the exhaust nozzle 17.

It will also be noted that by spacing the 110 upper wall l away from thewalls of the ports 1 and 2 said walls are entirely surrounded by theexhaust gases, and chilling is impossible.

While the gas conduit is preferably wholly 115 disconnected except atits inlet and outlet from the surrounding casing, it is, of course,fully Within my invention to connect this conduit at one or morelocations to the casing, in order to give more stability to the 120structure. For instance, the upper wall of the conduit might be extendedand merged into the wall of the casing, as indicated at a at Fig. 2, andholes b located within this extension for the free passage of theex-'125 haust products. Or, small webs c might be cast between the wallsof the conduit and casing. f

N o claim is made herein to the priming .device above described, as thesame forms 130 lio the subject-matter of my co-pending ap(-l fold,comprising an exterior shell or casing having ports for the introductionof exhaust gases thereinto and with a port for the discharge of suchgases therefrom; and a fuel conduit located within said casing andmainly disconnected therefrom except at its intake and discharge ports,said conduit being iiattened and presenting a cross area substantiallyuniform throughout, whereby said conduit will be entirely surrounded bythe exhaust gases as such gases pass through the casing.

2. A combined inlet and exhaust`manifold for internal-combustionengines, comprising an external shell or casing having a plurality ofports opening into the casing for the introduction of exhaust gasesthereinto, and with a single port for the discharge of such gases; afuel conduit located wholly within said casing, said conduit having anintake opening through the lower portion of the casing and with alurality of ports opening outwardly throug the upper portion of thecasing; and a partition located within the casing and producing chan,

nels therein for directing the exhaust gases from all of the intakeexhaust gas ports to pass downwardly and around the fuel conduit and toand in contact with the intake portion of said conduit, and likewiseforming an exhaust channel for such exhaust gases extending from suchintake portionv to the single discharge port aforesaid.

3. A combined intake and exhaust manifold, comprising a shell or casinghaving a depending neck; a fuel conduit having a flattenedcross-section, and having substantially the same cross-area throughout,and

,located wholly within the casing and in spaced relation thereto andhaving its intake portion located within said neck and in spacedrelation to the walls thereof, said conduit extending upwardly withinthe casing and terminating in ports opening lthrough the wall of theupper portion of the casing; an exhaust channel for spent exhaust gasesleadingfrom the neck portion to the atmosphere; and means for directingthe entire volume of exhaust gases which pass from the engine into themanifold around and about the fuel conduit and down into the neckportion, where'they pass into the exhaust channel n 4. A combinedintake\and exhaust manifold, comprising a hollow casinghaving alaterally-elongated body portion and a depending neck, the front wall ofthe neckand the adjacent body portion being curved outwardly from therear wall forming an enlarged chamber in the lower portion of themanifold; a fuel conduit extending into and through the neck, saidconduit curving inwardly toward its upper portion, and branching towardand communicating with ports formed in the rear wall; and a partitionextending from the upper wall of the casing downwardly about the fuelconduit and terminating in the enlarged chamber aforesaid adjacent theinlet portion of the fuel conduit.

5. A combined intake and exhaust manifold for engines, comprising ashell or casing provided with ports for the introduction of exhaustgases and a port for the dislcharge of such gases; a gas conduit locatedwholly within said casing and having an inlet and outlet ports, saidconduits being iattened and presenting substantially the samecross-sectlonal area throughout, and means for causing the exhaust gasesto pass around and about said conduit.

6. A combined exhaust and intake manifold, comprising a hollow casing,said casing having ports formed in the rear wall thereof for thedischarge of carbureted fuel; a fuel conduit mounted in said casing inspaced relation to the walls thereof and dischargin through the portsaforesaid; and a partition located in said casing, forming passagesVtherethrough and serving to cause the entirevolume of the exhaust gasesto impinge upon the fuel conduit throughout its entire length beforesaid gases pass into an exhaust passage likewise formed by saldpartition.

In testimony whereof I ailix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN E. STH.

Witnesses:

H. A. SMITH, T. J. FLYNN.

